I have always done a yearly urine check when I did a complete physical examination. Sadly, I am not sure many family doctors or pediatricians do that today. I have been amazed at the various problems I have found. The most important one was on a teenage girl. She complained of not feeling well, but her physical examination was negative. I still wasn't satisfied, so I asked her mother to bring her back the next day. I then requested another urine specimen. "But you just checked one", her mother said. "I won't charge you," I said, "but I would like another one." When they returned and the girl gave me a urine specimen it was brown. She had glomerulonephritis that can be very serious. Once she was started on medication she did well. I then referred her to a urologist to be sure there was not other problems.
Girls are more likely to have urinary infections because of having stool get into the bladder. Usually girls can have one treated urinary infection and not have a urological workup until they get a second one. If a boy has a urinary infection, he should have a workup after the first one is cured. As a parent, if your child's doctor does not request or order a urine specimen, I would ask for one. I remember taking my grandson to a pediatrician and the doctor not only did a poor examination, but did not request a urine specimen. When I said I wanted one she said "We don't do those!" I pushed and did get one. Of course, she never saw my grandson again.
I have picked up enlarged kidneys, problems at the junction at the pelvis and ureter and several other problems. The most likely congenital anomaly is of the kidney, ureters or bladder, so it is important that doctors look for problems of the urinary system.